Qualified

In verses 43-51, we read that only full-time residents of Israelites qualify to participate in the Passover.

1581?!

In verses 21-42, we learn about many of the details of the first Passover.

Not only does the angel of death kill Egyptian firstborn males, but the Israelites plunder their former masters by asking for (and receiving!) large quantities of money.

Moses points out that the people escape captivity exactly 430 years after arriving in Egypt.

2011-430=1581

That would be equivalent to escaping a terrible situation that had started way back in 1581.

The scale of time involved is almost unimaginable.

Yeast-Free

In verses 14-20, we read a description of the process of celebrating Passover in future years, after the escape from Egypt.

It is clear from these verses that chapter 12 is not strictly written in chronological order.

Angel of Death

In verses 12-13, God describes the tenth plague.

Passover Meal

In verses 1-11, Moses provides details about the preparations necessary for the Passover meal.

Outline of Exodus 12

1. General Description of Passover and Feast of Unleavened Bread
2. The First Passover
   1. Directions
   2. Dead Egyptians
   3. Plundering the Egyptians
3. Passover for Natives Only

Healthy Fear

Moses explains to the Israelites, in verse 20, that God instills fear in his people to prevent sin.  Sounds a bit like parenting.

Don’t Get Jealous

It’ll make you miserable (v. 17).

No Idols

In verses 3-6, the Israelites are warned not to confuse their allegiance to God with any other allegiances.

Sabbath

I wonder why the Sabbath is considered the one commandment that no longer applies?  There is an extensive explanation of this custom in vv. 8-11.